1. There are several emergent properties of water that contribute its powerful affect on living organisms. These emerging properties are mostly due to:

2. Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate?

3. Which structure-function pair is incorrectly matched?

4. Which group of cellular structures form the endomembrane system?

5. White blood cells engulf invading bacterium in a process called:

6. Which of the following environmental conditions does not affect the activity of enzymes?

7. Some enzymes require an effector in order to conform to a substrate. The site to which the effector binds is the:

8. Why will the enzyme sucrase only act on sucrose and not bind to other disaccharides, such as maltose?

9. Yeast and mammals share very similar cell communication molecules and pathways. What does this suggest about yeast and mammals?

10. Which of the following is an example of long-distance cell signaling?

11. In order for an animal mutation to affect a population’s genetic diversity, the mutation must take place:

12. During metaphase I of meiosis I, homologous pairs of chromosomes are situated along the metaphase plate. The orientation of each pair is random, resulting in a 50% chance that a particular daughter cell will get the maternal chromosome and a 50% that the daughter cell will get the parental chromosome. This is one aspect of sexual reproduction that contributes to genetic variation, and is called:

13. During prophase I of meiosis, a reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids producing chromosomes with new combinations of material and parental alleles. This is called:

14. Which of the following is not a difference between the cell cycle and meiosis?

15. Which of the following nucleic acids is not found in RNA?

16. Which is the correct sequence of information flow in a cell?

17. Northern elephant seals were hunted by humans in the 1890s, reducing their population size to 20 individuals. Even though their population is now over 30,000, the seals still have reduced genetic variation. What’s the best explanation of this phenomenon?

18. Certain cavefish and salamanders have non-functional eyes, which are remnants of the functional eyes of their ancestors. Such examples of “leftover” structures are referred to as:

19. Which of the following environmental issues has the most impact on the distribution of local and global ecosystems over time?

20. When a glacier retreats what is left behind is rock that has been scrubbed clean of all life and soil. Through time, the newly revealed land will be recolonized through the process of: